Longevity Protocols

Mechanism of action through VEGF and NO pathways, subcutaneous vs oral dosing, cycling schedules, safety data, and what the animal research shows about gut healing, tendon repair, and neuroprotection.

How mTOR inhibition extends lifespan in every organism tested. PEARL trial data, weekly low-dose protocols, immune function paradox, formulation warnings, and drug interaction risks you need to know.

NAD+ decline drives aging across every tissue. NMN and NR both raise it — but which one wins? Head-to-head trials, CD38 interaction, brain NAD+ penetration, dosing tiers, and stacking protocols.

Both activate AMPK and inhibit Complex I. But metformin blunts exercise adaptations while berberine has <1% bioavailability. TAME trial status, DHB data, exercise blunting evidence, and the decision framework.

2025 meta-analysis: lean mass SMD=0.27, lower limb strength SMD=0.29 in older adults. But the real story is the brain — crosses the BBB via SLC6A8, 11% brain creatine increase in Alzheimer's trials. Dosing, stacking, and the kidney myth.

You can't directly measure autophagy in living humans — and most fasting content ignores this. The actual evidence for TRE, prolonged fasting, and FMD. 3-layer protocol, refeeding strategy, and what breaks a fast.

Sleep regularity is a stronger mortality predictor than duration. UK Biobank (n=88,975): irregular sleepers had 53% higher mortality. The glymphatic system, hormonal cascade of deprivation, the Huberman stack reality check, and the ranked optimization protocol.

122,007 patients: elite fitness = 5x mortality reduction vs low fitness. No ceiling effect. Zone 2 science vs hype, the metformin-exercise paradox, grip strength as mortality biomarker, and the complete training protocol.